According to school grammar, the underlined parts in below sen- tences are regarded as adverbial clauses. But this thought has many prob- lems. 비가 오기 때문에, 길이 질다. pika oki ttaemune, kili jilda 비가 오는 가운데, 행사는 예정대로 열렸다. pika oneun kaunte, haengsaneun yeojeongdaero yeolryeossta It is known that N, V, A, and P are nucleus in sentence. In Korean, a determiner modifies noun, and adverb modifies verb. Also, postposition plays a role as nucleus. We can find examples as follows: ‘그 집’, ‘천천 히 달려.’, ‘매우 예뻐.’, ‘집에’. Therefore, Korean, SOV language, belongs to head - final language. On the other hand, Thai belongs to head - initial language, meaning head comes ahead, dependents come back. As a result, Thai belongs to SVO. But even though Thai and English are the same SVO languages, English is different from Thai. In English, head comes back(ex: the book / Uncle’s house), or front(ex: House of uncle / to the school). In an opinion of language typology, it is not difficult for ‘비가 오기 때 문에’ to be adverbial phrase. ‘비가 오-’ becomes nominal clause ‘비가 오 기’ after ‘-기’ adds to it, and ‘비가 오기’ modifies N‘때문’, successively NP ‘비가 오기 때문’ in help of adverbial case particle ‘에’ becomes to adver- bial phrase. This is explaining way that head moves to right. Also ‘비가 오는 가운데’ is not adverbial clause, but just NP phrase, and adverbial phrase, I suppose. ‘비가 오-’ becomes ‘비가 오는 ‘ in help of determiner ending ‘-는’, and then ‘비가 오는’ modifies N ‘가운데’. Therefore ‘비가 오는 가운데’ is NP phrase. And even if it has not addition- al adverbial case particle ‘에’, it becomes background of ‘행사는 예정대로 열렸다’, so it is adverbial phrase syntactically.