The Grammaticalization Phenomenon and Syntactic & Pragmatic Meaning of Usual Form ‘-(으)ㄴ 결과/끝에/나머지’
곽일성
복단대학
korean language education research 52Vol. 1No. pp.215-245 (2017)
Abstract
‘결과(result)’, ‘끝(end)’, ‘나머지(the rest)’ can be used as an independent noun in sentences. Meanwhile, they also can be used as an usual form ‘-(으)ㄴ 결과’, ‘-(으)ㄴ 끝에’, ‘-(으)ㄴ 나머지’ in sentences acting a grammatical function to connect two clauses. Although they haven’t become grammatical morphemes, but their meaning become abstract and they have fixed grammatical morphology when they are used as an usual form. Therefore they can be regarded as an incomplete grammaticalization phenomenon ‘word>compound usual form’. In this paper, we come to the conclusion that ‘-(으)ㄴ 나머지’ is more grammaticalized than ‘-(으)ㄴ 결과’ and ‘-(으)ㄴ 끝에’ in sequence by concerning their meaning abstraction, morphological reanalysis and decategorialization. We also revealed the difference of their syntactic and pragmatic meaning based on corpus data statistics. ‘-(으)ㄴ 결과’ is usually used with the verbs like ‘분석하다(analyze), 조사하다(investigate), 실험하다 (test)’ and the later half of the sentence always express a certain objective fact is revealed. ‘-(으)ㄴ 끝에’ is always used with the verbs which may last for a long time or repeat several times such like ‘벌이다(start), 생각하다 (think), 기다리다(wait)’, and the later half of the sentence usually express some goal or mission was achieved. ‘-(으)ㄴ 나머지’ is used with the verbs or adjectives which express emotion or feeling such like ‘답답하다(stuffy), 당황하다(embarrassed), 기쁘다(happy)’, to express that something was done because the emotion was too strong. Consequently, we can make a conclusion that usual form ‘-(으)ㄴ 결과’ expresses [cause-and-effect relationship][emphasis on which subjective fact was revealed], ‘-(으)ㄴ 끝에’ expresses [order of time][emphasis on a lot of time and effort was spent], ‘-(으)ㄴ 결과’ expresses [cause-and-effect relationship][emphasis on which emotion is too strong].
Keywords
-(으)ㄴ 결과-(으)ㄴ 끝에-(으)ㄴ 나머지문법화 정도통사적 의미화용적 의미
